An account of a pilgrimage to Mecca by Baron Henri de Maltzan in 1860 and 2 accounts of a trip to the Najd in 1864 and 1865.

An account of a pilgrimage to Mecca by Baron Henri de Maltzan in 1860 and 2 accounts of a trip to the Najd in 1864 and 1865.

in Le Globe, Journal géographique, organ of the Société de géographie de Genève for its memoirs and bulletin, Tome V, 2nd issue, February and March 1866.

Baron de Maltzan made the pilgrimage in 1860, disguised as a Muslim from Algeria. An innovative article, revealing a little-known route to Mecca without using Suez, via southern Egypt, with a study on the introduction of the camel in this region, remarkable for its description of the islands of the Hedjaz coast, still little known in the mid-19th century, and useful for a good knowledge of Mecca in 1860. Henri de Maltzan, German explorer. He visited many countries in the Muslim world. Famous for his book "Meine Wallfahrt nach Mekka / Mon pèlerinage à La Mecque" published in 1865, from which he wrote the article for the Société de géographie of Geneva. 2) Last explorations in Arabia by the Paris Geographical Society. In the footsteps of Palgrave, two accounts of a trip to the Nejd, January-May 1864 and March 1865. a) Trip to the Nejd, January-May 1864 Carlo Guarmani, emissary of Emperor Napoleon III and King Victor-Emmanuel, visited the Nejd on business. His account of this trip to northern Arabia is unique for the nature of the region explored (few travelers have been there) and for the quality of the people he met (emirs, tribal chiefs, etc.). This was one of the first attempts at trade between Europe and the Nejd. Carlo Guarmani (1828-1884), a horse trader from Livorno who settled in Syria, was commissioned by Emperor Napoleon III and King Victor-Emmanuel to acquire horses, which prompted him to visit Arabia. From this journey, he produced a book entitled Itinéraire de Jérusalem au Neged septentrional" in 1865, which was reviewed by the Société de Géographie. b) Voyage to Riadh, March 1865, by Lieutenant-Colonel Lewis Pelly. Leaving Persia in December 1864 for Riadh, the capital of the Wahabites, Lewis Pelly undertook his journey on camels, heading deep into the Nejd and into central Arabia to reach Riadh, where he met the Wahabite sultan, Faycal Ibn Turki Al Saud (1785-1865), on three occasions. The aim was also to establish trade links between the British Empire and the region. Lewis Pelly (1825-1892), British officer and influential diplomatic agent in Persia. As the crown's principal representative in the region, he sought to establish relations with the Sauds in order to promote economic exchanges. This was the reason for his trip in 1866, which resulted in the book "Report on a Journey to Riyadh in Central Arabia, 1865", published by the Geographical Society of Geneva. Baron Henri de Maltzan's account of the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1860 and 2 accounts of a trip to the Najd in 1864 and 1865.